Eosinophilic Asthma: Overview

Eosinophilic asthma is a type of asthma in which a higher count of white blood cells is present in the patient’s body. Some of the symptoms found in the patient include chronic rhinosinusitis, chest tightness, and breathing difficulty. As biological agents and modern medicines become more widely available in the market, the demand for phenotype-specific treatment regimens is growing steadily. Individual allergy susceptibility has increased, leading to a rise in the cases of eosinophilic asthma.

Approximately 10% of the US population has asthma, and despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists, approximately 10%–20% of those individuals remain poorly managed. Berry et al conducted a study on the people with mild to moderate asthma and divided them into two groups based on whether or not they had eosinophils in their sputum. The study come to conclusion that people with eosinophilia had a better short-term response to inhaled corticosteroids.

Report Key Takeaways

Depending on the stage and condition of asthma, different types of treatments and drugs are recommended for patients.

Corticosteroids

These are maintenance medications, which help you maintain regular breathing and keep asthma symptoms under control. They have the function of preventing particular cells in the lungs and airways from releasing substances that trigger asthma attacks.

Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotrienes are substances produced by your immune system that induce asthma symptoms. Eosinophils enjoy collaborating with leukotrienes to inflame your upper and lower airways. Leukotriene modifiers, such as zafirlukast (Accolate) and montelukast (Singulair), are effective in reducing the effects of leukotrienes and helping to alleviate asthma symptoms. However, some people experience anxiety and agitation while taking these medications.

Biologics

These drugs are created in a lab to mimic human antibodies. Shots or IV infusions are used instead of inhalers or pills. The role of such drugs is is prevent the substances in your lungs from causing any sort of inflammation. Soreness at the injection site is one of the side effects.

Recent Developments Related to Eosinophilic Asthma

• The FDA has approved the Nucala, a prefilled pen and prefilled syringe for self-injection at the beginning of this year 2022. These newly approved versions are allowed for subcutaneous self-injection in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma aged 12 years or older. Children who are aged between 6 and 11 years can be given Nucala under the observation of a healthcare practitioner.

• Upstream Bio, the US-based biotech company, purchased UPB-101 from Astellas, a Japanese pharmaceutical firm, right after the successful completion of the first clinical and preclinical research. Upstream has chosen asthma as the initial ailment to study using UPB-101, intending to look into other diseases caused by TSLP-mediated inflammation.

Major Players Working on Eosinophilic Asthma

Some of the major players operating in the research and development related to the eosinophilic asthma industry include Roche, Sanofi, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Bayer. A comprehensive examination of these major companies covering their key strategies, recent developments, and plans is discussed in the pipeline insight.

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