Nipah virus (NiV) is a new bat-borne zoonotic virus that produces yearly catastrophic encephalitis epidemics. According to the research, only 10% of Nipah patients transfer the virus to others. However, the healthcare experts are unsure about the exact factors impacting a particular case. As a result of the infection, people may experience a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild to fatal. When family members and/or medical caretakers are in close proximity, human-to-human transmission occurs.
The virus was discovered during a Nipah outbreak in farm pigs and humans in Singapore and Malaysia in 1999. As a result of this outbreak, several infections and deaths have been registered in these areas. In addition, disease outbreak with different intensities has been witnessed in various Asian countries. Therefore, strict adherence to infection control procedures through cleaning and personal protective equipment may help prevent NiV transmission in hospitals at high risk of NiV exposure and animal facilities.
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Recommended Medications/Treatments for Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection
According to the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US centers, supportive care is the only available treatment for this viral infection.
Currently, there is no adequate vaccine or other treatment options for protecting people from the vaccine. However, as per some experts, the antiviral medicine ribavirin may prove beneficial, but there is little or no evidence to back this up.
A human monoclonal antibody targeting NiV's G glycoprotein has shown some favorable results in a ferret animal model of the disease. However, the antibody's effects in humans are yet to be investigated.
Recent Developments Related to Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection
The UK Vaccine Network program has given a £288,000 grant to a UK-based Biotechnology Company called iosBio. The company is involved in the development of next-generation vaccines. Its goal is to utilize the unique OraProTM thermal stabilization technology to develop an oral vaccination candidate for the Nipah virus (NIV).
The Drug Controller General of India has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) to a Molbio Diagnostics test kit to identify the Nipah virus (DCGI). The test is conducted on the Truenat developed by Molbio Diagnostics, a point-of-care real-time PCR platform. The DGCI has approved the initial platform for Nipah virus testing.
The University of Texas has discovered a vaccination that can guard against the deadly Nipah virus in as little as three days. The experimental vaccine was given to African green monkeys three to seven days before they were exposed to a strain of the Nipah virus.
Major Players Working on Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection
Leading companies operating in the industry and working closely for the research and development activities include Public Health Vaccines, LLC, Profectus BioSciences, Inc., Moderna, Emergent BioSolutions Inc., and Molbio Diagnostics.
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The only way to stop an outbreak from starting is to cut it off at the source. It is advisable that pig sites should be maintained properly with cleanness and it should be disinfected on a regular basis, according to experts.
The most common symptoms and signs of the virus include headache, fever, vomiting, X sore throat, muscle pain, and breathing difficulty.
A RT-PCR test is conducted that involves the nasal and throat swabs, blood samples, urine samples, and cerebrospinal fluid samples. All these samples are tested as a part of the diagnosis process for the virus.
The general incubation time required or this virus ranges from four to fifteen days. In some cases, the period can last up to 45 days.
Healthcare experts conduct a different combination of tests to detect the virus such as RT-PCR, viral isolation, and antibody detection.
