Production Cost & Unit Economics

What will each unit cost to make, and where does that put the plant against competitors?

Margins are decided at the unit level. Credence Research builds the cost per ton, unit or kWh from raw materials, energy, labor, maintenance and overheads, then places the project on a cost curve against existing producers, so a new plant's competitive position is clear before it is built.

When unit economics decide the case

It matters most in markets where products are similar and the lowest-cost producer sets the price.

Choosing a location

Compare unit costs where energy, labor and feedstock prices differ.

Choosing a process route

Compare unit costs of alternative technologies.

Testing resilience

See how margins hold when raw material prices swing.

Setting prices

Know the floor below which new business loses money.

Where the plant sits on the cost curve

Producers are ranked by unit cost and sized by capacity. The plant's margin is the gap between its bar and the market price.

Scroll sideways to see the whole figure.

ANew plantBCDEFMarket priceCumulative capacity, producers ranked by unit costCost per unitMargin at market price = gap between price line and the red bar
Illustrative. Producer names and positions are placeholders. Shapes only, not client or market data.

Questions unit economics answer

Cost build-up

  • What does each input add per unit?
  • Which costs scale with volume and which do not?

Position

  • Where would the plant sit on the industry cost curve?
  • Which competitors are cheaper, and why?

Margin

  • What volume covers fixed costs?
  • How sensitive is margin to raw material and energy prices?

What public data can show, and what needs research

Input prices are often public; how much of each input a process uses, and what competitors pay, usually are not.

Where desk research is usually enough and where primary research is needed
TopicPublic data showsStill uncertainHow it is tested
Raw materialsMarket price seriesContract prices and consumption per unitSupplier and expert interviews
EnergyPublished tariffsConsumption for this process and scaleProcess benchmarks
Competitor costsPlant locations and capacitiesTheir unit costsCost modeling from inputs and interviews

Illustrative example

This example is illustrative. It shows how a study could be designed and does not describe a client project.

Comparing PET recycling locations

Illustrative example
Business question
A recycler is choosing between two countries for a PET recycling plant.
Evidence gap
Feedstock bale prices, energy tariffs and wages differ, but their combined effect on cost per ton is unclear.
Research method
Unit cost build-up for each location, feedstock price checks and comparison with existing recyclers.
Output
Cost per ton for each location, a position on the regional cost curve and the inputs that matter most.

What this study does not include

Clear limits keep the findings honest and the scope easy to price.

  • Process design, yield testing or pilot trials
  • Confidential cost data from named competitors
  • Procurement or contract negotiation

Where a decision needs engineering or legal sign-off, the study says so and lists the questions for that review.

What you receive

Outputs are agreed at scoping; this is a typical set.

  • Unit cost build-up

    Cost per unit by input, with sources and dates.

    Use it to see what drives cost.

  • Cost curve

    The project placed against existing producers.

    Use it to judge competitive position.

  • Break-even analysis

    Volume and price at which the plant covers its costs.

    Use it to set commercial targets.

  • Sensitivity analysis

    Effect of input price changes on margin.

    Use it to plan for volatility.

How a feasibility study works

  1. 1

    ScopingThe decision, product, capacity, locations and level of study are agreed, along with what is in and out of scope.

  2. 2

    Primary and secondary researchAnalysts combine company filings, trade and tariff data, capacity announcements and price series with interviews of producers, buyers, suppliers and industry experts.

  3. 3

    ValidationKey figures are cross-checked against at least two independent sources, and every assumption is logged with its source and date.

  4. 4

    ModelingDemand, cost and financial models are built in Excel with base, upside and downside cases, so each assumption can be changed and traced.

  5. 5

    Analyst review and decision memoA senior analyst reviews the findings, and the study closes with a memo on whether the case holds, the riskiest assumptions and the next steps.

Frequently asked questions

Request a feasibility study proposal

Describe the product, location and capacity you are considering, and the decision the study must support. A short brief is enough to start.

What happens next

An analyst reviews the brief and replies within one business day with scoping questions. A proposal follows with the study scope, deliverables and timeline.

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