Dark Fiber Networks Market By Fiber Type (Single Mode, Multi-Mode), By Network Type (Metro Dark Fiber Networks, Long-Haul Dark Fiber Networks), By End-User (Internet Service Providers (ISPs) & Telecom, Banks, Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI), IT & IT Enabled Services (ITeS), Education, Manufacturing & Logistics, Hospitality & Retail, Healthcare) – Growth, Future Prospects & Competitive Analysis, 2018 – 2026

Ever-rising internet traffic worldwide will bolster the demand for dark fiber networks.

The dark fiber networks market is poised for robust growth, projected to reach US$ 11.57 billion by 2026, with a double-digit CAGR from 2018 to 2026. North America is at the forefront of this growth, driven by the heightened utilization of available unlit fibers in existing optical networks. Since 2014, the market has seen significant expansion due to a worldwide surge in internet traffic and the increasing popularity of dark fiber as a concept.

Between 2013 and 2016, internet traffic experienced a CAGR of over 24%. As internet usage and traffic continue to escalate globally, internet providers are seeking effective solutions to meet the skyrocketing demand for network bandwidth. Dark fiber, or additional fiber optic cables installed for future use, has emerged as a promising alternative for providing the necessary bandwidth.

Major corporations, including Facebook, Google, and Microsoft, have made substantial investments in developing their network infrastructures, aiming to accommodate the massive data transfers occurring between their data centers. Facebook, in particular, has been utilizing the existing dark fiber network to handle a significant portion of its data transmission needs. Consequently, the dark fiber networks market is anticipated to experience substantial growth in the upcoming years.

The Credence Research Dark Fiber Networks Market Report provides CXOs with a comprehensive overview of the market, including:

• Market size and growth forecast: The report provides detailed estimates of the global dark fiber networks market size, segmented by fiber type, network type, application, and region. It also includes forecasts for the market through 2032, based on key trends and drivers.
• Market segmentation: The report segments the dark fiber networks market by fiber type, network type, application, and region. This segmentation provides CXOs with a granular understanding of the market and the opportunities in each segment.
• Competitive landscape: The report profiles the key players in the dark fiber networks market and provides insights into their strategies, product offerings, and financial performance. This information can help CXOs to identify and assess their competition.
• Key trends and drivers: The report identifies and analyzes the key trends and drivers that are shaping the dark fiber networks market. This information can help CXOs to make informed decisions about their investments and strategies.

CXOs can use the insights from the Credence Research Dark Fiber Networks Market Report to:

• Identify growth opportunities: The report can help CXOs to identify new growth opportunities in the dark fiber networks market. For example, the report identifies the growing demand for dark fiber networks from cloud computing providers and telecom companies as a key opportunity.
• Make informed investment decisions: The report can help CXOs to make informed investment decisions about dark fiber networks. For example, the report provides insights into the key factors to consider when evaluating dark fiber providers and selecting dark fiber solutions.
• Develop competitive strategies: The report can help CXOs to develop competitive strategies for their dark fiber networks businesses. For example, the report identifies the key strategies that dark fiber providers are using to differentiate themselves from their competitors.
• Track market developments: The report can help CXOs to track market developments and stay ahead of the curve. For example, the report provides insights into the latest trends and innovations in the dark fiber networks market.

Market Synopsis

Multi-mode dark fiber networks to continue leading the market.

Multi-mode dark fiber networks dominate the global market, representing over two-thirds of its total value. Most leased dark fibers today are subterranean, primarily high-density metro fiber networks. With the escalating global adoption of optical fiber networks, the industry anticipates an increase in the laying of dark fiber networks in the upcoming years, further bolstering the growth of the multi-mode dark fiber networks segment throughout the forecasted timeframe.

North America leads the market; Asia-Pacific will emerge as the fastest-growing regional market.

North America, spearheaded by the U.S., currently dominates the dark fiber networks market, contributing to over 40% of its global value. This dominance is due to early adoption, the presence of tech giants like Microsoft building their networks, and the emerging trend of leasing dark fiber networks. Notably, since 2016, Google Fiber has shown interest in acquiring dark fiber for internet provision, and educational institutions also represent significant end-users of dark fiber in the region. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific, led by nations such as Japan, China, South Korea, and Australia, is poised to be the swiftest growing market for dark fiber. For instance, China’s MIIT reported laying over 2.6 million kilometers of optical fiber by 2015 and projected that the majority of its broadband users would use optical fiber networks by the end of 2017. Similarly, India’s Reliance Jio Infocomm in 2017 announced plans to lease dark fiber from Bharat Broadband Network Ltd. With the ongoing surge in internet users in the region, this upward trend is anticipated to persist.

Mergers and acquisitions will remain the key strategy.

The dark fiber networks market is fragmented with many network service providers globally, predominantly regional companies catering to specific countries. While these local entities dominate internet services, global players often resort to mergers and acquisitions to expand their network footprint and tap into a broader subscriber base. Notable acquisitions include CenturyLink’s purchase of Level 3 Communications, AT&T’s acquisition of FiberTower Corporation, and Verizon’s takeover of XO Communications’ dark fiber optic network. Given the significance of network size in this domain, mergers and acquisitions will likely remain a central strategy for leading players such as AT&T, Verizon, Zayo Group, CenturyLink, Comcast, Interoute Communications, FairPoint Communications, Colt Group, NTT Communications, and Windstream Services.

Periods of History and Forecast

2016 is a historic year.

2017—Base Year

2018–2026: Forecast Period

This research report presents the analysis of each segment from 2016 to 2026, considering 2017 as the base year for the research. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for each of the respective segments is calculated for the forecast period from 2018 to 2026.

Report Scope by Segments

The dark fiber networks market report provides market size and estimates based on market dynamics and key trends observed in the industry. The report provides a holistic view of the global dark fiber networks market based on fiber type, network type, end-user, and geography. Key segments covered in the report are as follows:

A segment of Fiber Type (2016-2026; US$ Mn)

• Single-mode dark fiber networks
• Multi-mode dark fiber networks

Segmentation by Network Type (2016-2026; US$ Mn)

• Metro Dark Fiber Networks
• Long-haul dark fiber networks

End-user segment (2016-2026; in millions of dollars)

• Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Telecommunication
• Banks, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI)
• IT & ITeS
• Education
• Manufacturing and Logistics
• Retail and hospitality
• Healthcare

Geography Segment (2016-2026; millions of dollars)

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • Italy
  • U.K.
  • Russia
  • Rest of Europe
• Asia-Pacific
  • India
  • China
  • Japan
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Rest of Latin America
• Middle East and Africa
  • GCC Countries
  • South Africa
  • Rest of Middle East and Africa

Trends and driving factors for the growth of the dark fiber networks market:

• Increased Demand for Bandwidth: The surge in data consumption due to the proliferation of digital services, streaming platforms, and cloud computing has driven the demand for increased bandwidth capacity. Dark fiber networks offer significant capacity for organizations to expand and scale their operations without relying on third-party bandwidth constraints.
• 5G Deployment: As telecommunications operators worldwide began deploying 5G technology, there was an increased need for a reliable, high-capacity backbone to support the anticipated data traffic. Dark fiber provides the necessary infrastructure to support 5G’s low latency and high bandwidth requirements.
• Data Center Expansion: The growth of hyperscale data centers and cloud services has led to an increased demand for dark fiber to connect these facilities and ensure high-speed data transfers.
• Diverse Connectivity Routes: To ensure redundancy and resilience in their networks, many service providers and large enterprises have been leasing or purchasing dark fiber to create diverse paths, reducing the risk of service disruption due to a single point of failure.
• Lower Long-term Costs for Enterprises: For organizations with significant data transfer needs, leasing dark fiber and lighting it up themselves can be more cost-effective in the long run compared to purchasing lit services from traditional carriers.
• Private Network Expansion: More enterprises have been establishing their own private networks for security, control, and performance reasons. Dark fiber allows these enterprises to build and manage their network infrastructure.
• Economic Development Initiatives: Some regional and local governments have been investing in or facilitating dark fiber infrastructure projects to boost their area’s attractiveness for businesses and improve local internet connectivity.
• Mergers and Acquisitions: The dark fiber market saw consolidation with larger players acquiring smaller dark fiber providers to expand their network reach and capacity.

Some of the major players in the dark fiber market included:

• Zayo Group: This company had been one of the leading providers of dark fiber in North America and Europe. With a vast network, Zayo had made several acquisitions over the years to bolster its dark fiber footprint.
• Crown Castle: Originally known for its cell towers, Crown Castle expanded into the fiber space and has a significant footprint in the U.S., making it another key player in the dark fiber market.
• Lumen Technologies (formerly CenturyLink): As one of the largest telecommunications companies in the U.S., Lumen also had a substantial dark fiber portfolio.
• AT&T and Verizon: Both of these major telcos have extensive fiber networks and offer dark fiber services, particularly in regions where they have a strong infrastructure presence.

Recent News and Developments

Google leases dark fiber from Zayo Group to build new high-speed network between Los Angeles and San Francisco
https://www.kqed.org/news/10728880/superfast-google-fiber-network-finally-arriving-in-california

• The demand for high-speed bandwidth is growing rapidly. Google is one of the largest consumers of bandwidth in the world, and its investment in this new network suggests that it is expecting continued growth in the demand for high-speed bandwidth. This is good news for businesses that offer cloud computing and other data-intensive services.
• The market for dark fiber is expanding. Dark fiber is unused fiber optic cable that can be leased by businesses to build their own private networks. Google’s decision to lease dark fiber from Zayo Group is a sign that the market for dark fiber is growing. This is good news for businesses that need to build high-speed networks but do not want to invest in building their own infrastructure.
• Google is becoming a more competitive player in the cloud computing market. Google already has a significant presence in the cloud computing market, but its investment in this new network will make it even more competitive. This is good news for businesses that are looking for cloud computing providers, as it will give them more options to choose from.

Overall, Google leasing dark fiber from Zayo Group to build a new high-speed network between Los Angeles and San Francisco is a positive development for the market. It shows that the demand for high-speed bandwidth is growing, that the market for dark fiber is expanding, and that Google is becoming a more competitive player in the cloud computing market.

Amazon leases dark fiber from Lumen Technologies to build new high-speed network between the US and Europe:
https://ir.lumen.com/news/news-details/2023/Lumen-Kicks-up-its-400G-Offering-Across-the-U.S/default.aspx

The recent move by Amazon to lease dark fiber from Lumen Technologies for a high-speed network between the US and Europe underscores Amazon’s commitment to enhancing its global infrastructure. Leveraging Lumen’s 400G offering not only bolsters Amazon’s capacity to manage escalating data demands but also positions it favorably against competitors by reducing latency and ensuring robust data transmission. This collaboration could also potentially hint at Amazon’s ambitions to diversify its services or expand its current offerings in the European region. For Lumen, this deal amplifies its status as a leading player in the high-speed communication segment, showcasing its advanced networking capabilities to prospective clients.

Amazon’s decision to lease dark fiber from Lumen Technologies to establish a high-speed network connecting the US and Europe is a strategic investment in bolstering its cloud and data service capacities. As data consumption and cloud services adoption continue to grow globally, such infrastructure will be pivotal in ensuring seamless service delivery, especially for bandwidth-heavy applications and services. By tapping into Lumen’s 400G offering, Amazon is future-proofing its network against escalating demands, ensuring it can handle substantial data traffic while minimizing latency – a critical aspect for services like AWS, Prime Video, and other real-time applications. This move could also be seen as a response to rising competition from other tech giants, as faster and more reliable networks can be a significant differentiator. Furthermore, it indicates Amazon’s ambitions to further penetrate the European market, possibly hinting at localized services or data centers in the future. For Lumen, this partnership solidifies its standing in the advanced networking space and could attract more tech giants looking for similar solutions. The collaboration serves as a testament to Lumen’s technological prowess and reliability in the high-speed communication sector.

Microsoft leases dark fiber from Crown Castle International to build new high-speed network in the US:

Microsoft’s decision to lease dark fiber from Crown Castle International emphasizes the tech giant’s ongoing efforts to enhance and control its own network infrastructure within the US. This move showcases Microsoft’s strategy to optimize its services’ performance, such as Azure, Office 365, and other cloud-based applications, by reducing reliance on third-party data carriers. By leveraging Crown Castle’s expertise and infrastructure, Microsoft can ensure reduced latency and increased bandwidth, critical for real-time applications and data-intensive tasks. This partnership not only enables Microsoft to cater to its growing customer base with more efficiency and reliability but also strengthens its position in the competitive cloud and data services space. For Crown Castle, this collaboration affirms its credibility in the dark fiber segment, potentially drawing interest from other tech entities seeking similar infrastructure solutions. The deal underscores the growing importance of private, high-speed networks in the age of digital transformation and cloud computing.

City of Los Angeles to build new high-speed network using dark fiber:
https://cdt.ca.gov/news/state-begins-construction-on-new-10000-mile-broadband-network-to-bring-high-speed-reliable-internet-service-to-all-californians/

The City of Los Angeles’ ambitious initiative to establish a high-speed network utilizing dark fiber emphasizes a broader vision for modernizing its digital infrastructure to meet the demands of a technologically advanced future. This move is indicative of the city’s recognition of the critical role that reliable, high-speed internet plays in fostering economic growth, improving access to educational resources, and promoting inclusivity in the digital age. Leveraging dark fiber allows the city to lay the groundwork for scalable and future-proofed broadband services that can adapt to rising demands. For its residents and businesses, this would mean faster and more stable internet connections, thereby attracting tech startups, facilitating remote work, and ensuring equitable internet access across all neighborhoods. Such an initiative reflects a wider trend of cities globally realizing the importance of robust digital infrastructure in ensuring competitiveness and enhancing the quality of life for their residents.

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University of California, Berkeley to build new high-speed network using dark fiber:
https://www.zdnet.com/article/researchers-created-an-un-hackable-quantum-network-over-hundreds-of-kilometers-using-optical-fiber/

The University of California, Berkeley’s endeavor to construct a high-speed network leveraging dark fiber signifies its commitment to pioneering advanced research in the realm of digital communication. By utilizing dark fiber for this project, UC Berkeley underscores the importance of having a dedicated and customizable infrastructure to explore the frontiers of quantum communication, as suggested by the focus on creating an “un-hackable” network. Quantum networks, with their promise of ultra-secure data transmission, represent the next frontier in cybersecurity and digital communication. UC Berkeley’s venture into this domain not only establishes the institution as a frontrunner in quantum research but also promises potential breakthroughs that could redefine digital security standards worldwide. For students and researchers, this translates into hands-on experience with cutting-edge technology, positioning UC Berkeley as a sought-after hub for quantum science and its practical applications.

Chapter 1 Preface
1.1 Report Description
1.1.1 Purpose of the Report
1.1.2 Target Audience
1.1.3 USP and Key Offerings
1.2 Research Scope
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Research Methodology
1.4.1 Phase I – Secondary Research
1.4.2 Phase II – Primary Research
1.4.3 Phase III – Expert Panel Review
1.4.4 Assumptions
1.4.5 Approach Adopted

Chapter 2 Executive Summary
2.1 Market Snapshot: Global Dark Fiber Networks Market
2.2 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By Fiber Type
2.3 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By Network Type
2.4 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By End-user
2.5 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By Geography

Chapter 3 Market Dynamics
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value and Growth, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn) (Y-o-Y %)
3.2 Market Drivers
3.3 Market Growth Inhibitors
3.3.1 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
3.4 Key Market Trends and Future Outlook
3.5 See-Saw Analysis
3.6 Attractive Investment Proposition
3.7 Competitive Analysis
3.7.1 Market Positioning of Key Vendors
3.7.2 Key Strategies Adopted by the Leading Players

Chapter 4 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, by Fiber Type
4.1 Overview
4.2 Single Mode
4.3 Multi-mode

Chapter 5 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, by Network Type
5.1 Overview
5.2 Metro Dark Fiber Networks
5.3 Long-haul Dark Fiber Networks

Chapter 6 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, by End-user
6.1 Overview
6.2 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) & Telecom
6.3 Banks, Financial Services & Insurance (BFSI)
6.4 IT & IT enabled Services (ITeS)
6.5 Education
6.6 Manufacturing & Logistics
6.7 Hospitality & Retail
6.8 Healthcare

Chapter 7 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis
7.1 Overview
7.2 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026
7.2.1 Market Analysis
7.3 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026
7.3.1 Market Analysis
7.4 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By End-user, 2016 – 2026
7.4.1 Market Analysis
7.5 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Region, 2016 – 2026
7.5.1 U.S.
7.5.2 Canada

Chapter 8 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis
8.1 Overview
8.2 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026
8.2.1 Market Analysis
8.3 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026
8.3.1 Market Analysis
8.4 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By End-user, 2016 – 2026
8.4.1 Market Analysis
8.5 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Region, 2016 – 2026
8.5.1 U.K.
8.5.2 Germany
8.5.3 Nordic Countries
8.5.4 Rest of Europe

Chapter 9 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis
9.1 Overview
9.2 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026
9.2.1 Market Analysis
9.3 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026
9.3.1 Market Analysis
9.4 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By End-user, 2016 – 2026
9.4.1 Market Analysis
9.5 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Region, 2016 – 2026
9.5.1 China
9.5.2 Japan
9.5.3 South Asia
9.5.4 Rest of Asia Pacific

Chapter 10 Rest of the World (RoW) Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis
10.1 Overview
10.2 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026
10.2.1 Market Analysis
10.3 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026
10.3.1 Market Analysis
10.4 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By End-user, 2016 – 2026
10.4.1 Market Analysis
10.5 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Analysis, By Region, 2016 – 2026
10.5.1 Middle East & Africa (MEA)
10.5.2 Latin America

Chapter 11 Company Profiles
11.1 AT&T, Inc.
11.2 Colt Group SA
11.3 Comcast Corporation
11.4 FairPoint Communications, Inc.
11.5 Interoute Communications Ltd.
11.6 Level 3 Communications, Inc. (CenturyLink, Inc.)
11.7 NTT Communications
11.8 Verizon Communications, Inc.
11.9 Windstream Services, LLC.
11.10 Zayo Group

 

List of Figures

FIG. 1 Global Dark Fiber Networks: Market Segmentation
FIG. 2 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market: Research Methodology
FIG. 3 Top-Down and Bottom Up Approach
FIG. 4 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By Fiber Type, 2017 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 5 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By Network Type, 2017 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 6 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By End-user, 2017 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 7 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market, By Geography, 2017 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 8 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value and Growth, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn) (Y-o-Y %)
FIG. 9 See-Saw Analysis: Global Dark Fiber Networks Market
FIG. 10 Attractive Investment Proposition
FIG. 11 Market Positioning of Key Dark Fiber Network Providers, 2017
FIG. 12 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value Contribution, By Fiber Type, 2017 & 2026 (%)
FIG. 13 Global Single Mode Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 14 Global Multi-mode Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 15 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value Contribution, By Network Type, 2017 & 2026 (%)
FIG. 16 Global Metro Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 17 Global Long-haul Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 18 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value Contribution, By End-user, 2017 & 2026 (%)
FIG. 19 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from ISPs & Telecom, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 20 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from BFSI, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 21 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from IT & ITeS, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 22 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from Education, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 23 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from Manufacturing & Logistics, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 24 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from Hospitality & Retail, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 25 Global Dark Fiber Networks Market Value from Healthcare, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
FIG. 26 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 27 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 28 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)
FIG. 29 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, 2016 – 2026, (US$ Mn)

List of Tables

TABLE 1 Market Snapshot: Global Dark Fiber Networks Market
TABLE 2 Impact Indicators
TABLE 3 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
TABLE 4 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 5 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 6 North America Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By End-user, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 7 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 8 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 9 Europe Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By End-user, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 10 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 11 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 12 Asia Pacific Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By End-user, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 13 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Fiber Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 14 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By Network Type, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 15 RoW Dark Fiber Networks Market Value, By End-user, 2016 – 2026 (US$ Mn)
TABLE 16 AT&T, Inc.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 17 Colt Group SA: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 18 Comcast Corporation: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 19 FairPoint Communications, Inc.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 20 Interoute Communications Ltd.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 21 Level 3 Communications, Inc. (CenturyLink, Inc.): Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 22 NTT Communications: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 23 Verizon Communications, Inc.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 24 Windstream Services, LLC.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)
TABLE 25 Zayo Group: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio, Recent Developments)