1. Preface
1.1. Report Description
1.1.1. Purpose of the Report
1.1.2. Target Audience
1.1.3. USP and Key Offerings
1.2. Research Scope
1.3. Research Methodology
1.3.1. Phase I – Secondary Research
1.3.2. Phase II – Primary Research
1.3.3. Phase III – Expert Panel Review
1.3.4. Approach Adopted
1.3.4.1. Top-Down Approach
1.3.4.2. Bottom-Up Approach
1.3.5. Assumptions
1.4. Market Segmentation
2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Snapshot: Global Flocculant Dosing System Market
2.2. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Types
2.3. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Application
2.4. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Region
3. Market Dynamics & Factors Analysis
3.1. Introduction
3.1.1. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market Value, 2016-2028, (US$ Bn)
3.2. Market Dynamics
3.2.1. Key Growth Trends
3.2.2. Market Drivers
3.2.3. Market Restraints
3.2.4. Market Opportunities
3.2.5. Major Industry Challenges
3.3. Attractive Investment Proposition,2021
3.3.1. Types
3.3.2. Application
3.3.3. Geography
4. Premium Insights
4.1. STAR (Situation, Task, Action, Results) Analysis
4.2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
4.2.1. Threat of New Entrants
4.2.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers
4.2.3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.2.4. Threat of Substitute Product
4.2.5. Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
4.3. Value Chain Analysis
4.4. Technology Analysis
4.5. Marketing Strategy Analysis
4.5.1. Direct Marketing
4.5.2. Indirect Marketing
4.5.3. Marketing Channel Development Trend
5. Market Positioning of Key Players, 2021
5.1. Company market share of key players, 2021
5.2. Competitive Benchmarking
5.3. Market Positioning of Key Vendors
5.4. Geographical Presence Analysis
5.5. Major Strategies Adopted by Key Players
5.5.1. Key Strategies Analysis
5.5.2. Mergers and Acquisitions
5.5.3. Partnerships
5.5.4. Types Launch
5.5.5. Geographical Expansion
5.5.6. Others
6. COVID 19 Impact Analysis
6.1. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market Pre Vs Post COVID 19, 2019 – 2028
6.2. Impact on Import & Export
6.3. Impact on Demand & Supply
7. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market
7.1. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
7.1.1. Overview
7.1.2. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Types, 2021 vs 2028 (in %)
7.1.3. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Manual Dosing System, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
7.1.4. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Automatic Dosing System, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
7.2. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
7.2.1. Overview
7.2.2. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Application, 2021 vs 2028 (in%)
7.2.3. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Water Treatment, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
7.2.4. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Paper, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
7.2.5. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Oil and Gas, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
7.2.6. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Minerals Extraction, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
7.2.7. Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, By Others, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
8. North America Flocculant Dosing System Market Analysis
8.1. North America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
8.1.1. Overview
8.1.2. SRC Analysis
8.2. North America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
8.2.1. Overview
8.2.2. SRC Analysis
8.3. North America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
8.3.1. U.S.
8.3.1.1. U.S. Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
8.3.1.2. U.S. Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
8.3.1.3. U.S. Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
8.3.2. Canada
8.3.2.1. Canada Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
8.3.2.2. Canada Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
8.3.2.3. Canada Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9. Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market Analysis
9.1. Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
9.1.1. Overview
9.1.2. SRC Analysis
9.2. Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
9.2.1. Overview
9.2.2. SRC Analysis
9.3. Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.1. Germany
9.3.1.1. Germany Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.1.2. Germany Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.1.3. Germany Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.2. France
9.3.2.1. France Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.2.2. France Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.2.3. France Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.3. UK
9.3.3.1. UK Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.3.2. UK Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.3.3. UK Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.4. Italy
9.3.4.1. Italy Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.4.2. Italy Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.4.3. Italy Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.5. Spain
9.3.5.1. Spain Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.5.2. Spain Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.5.3. Spain Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.6. Rest of Europe
9.3.6.1. Rest of Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.6.2. Rest of Europe Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
9.3.6.3. Rest of Europe Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10. Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market Analysis
10.1. Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
10.1.1. Overview
10.1.2. SRC Analysis
10.2. Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
10.2.1. Overview
10.2.2. SRC Analysis
10.3. Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.1. China
10.3.1.1. China Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.1.2. China Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.1.3. China Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.2. Japan
10.3.2.1. Japan Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.2.2. Japan Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.2.3. Japan Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.3. India
10.3.3.1. India Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.3.2. India Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.3.3. India Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.4. South Korea
10.3.4.1. South Korea Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.4.2. South Korea Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.4.3. South Korea Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.5. South-East Asia
10.3.5.1. South-East Asia Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.5.2. South-East Asia Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.5.3. South-East Asia Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.6. Rest of Asia Pacific
10.3.6.1. Rest of Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.6.2. Rest of Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
10.3.6.3. Rest of Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11. Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market Analysis
11.1. Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
11.1.1. Overview
11.1.2. SRC Analysis
11.2. Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
11.2.1. Overview
11.2.2. SRC Analysis
11.3. Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.1. Brazil
11.3.1.1. Brazil Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.1.2. Brazil Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.1.3. Brazil Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.2. Mexico
11.3.2.1. Mexico Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.2.2. Mexico Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.2.3. Mexico Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.3. Rest of Latin America
11.3.3.1. Rest of Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.3.2. Rest of Latin America Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
11.3.3.3. Rest of Latin America Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12. Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market Analysis
12.1. Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
12.1.1. Overview
12.1.2. SRC Analysis
12.2. Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
12.2.1. Overview
12.2.2. SRC Analysis
12.3. Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.1. GCC Countries
12.3.1.1. GCC Countries il Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.1.2. GCC Countries Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.1.3. GCC Countries Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.2. South Africa
12.3.2.1. South Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.2.2. South Africa Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.2.3. South Africa Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.3. Rest of Middle East and Africa
12.3.3.1. Rest of Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market Estimates and Forecast, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.3.2. Rest of Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System, By Types, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
12.3.3.3. Rest of Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System, By Application, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
13. Company Profiles
13.1. BASF
13.1.1. Company Overview
13.1.2. Typess/Services Portfolio
13.1.3. Geographical Presence
13.1.4. Financial Summary
13.1.4.1. Market Revenue and Net Profit (2019-2021)
13.1.4.2. Business Segment Revenue Analysis
13.1.4.3. Geographical Revenue Analysis
13.2. westpro
13.3. Depamu
13.4. Watson-Marlow
13.5. Qiankun Environmental Protection Joint Stock
13.6. AIM EQUIP
13.7. Unique Dosing Systems
13.8. Italmecc Srl
13.9. Terex Corporation
13.10. Wuxi Gongyuan Environmental Equipment & Technology
13.11. Minimax Dosing Pumps
13.12. GL Environment
13.13. WDT Werner dosing technology
13.14. SEFT Srl
13.15. SR Metering Pumps & Systems
13.16. GN Separation & Conveying Equipment
13.17. Turbid Water Solutions
List of Figures
FIG. 1 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market: Research Methodology
FIG. 2 Market Size Estimation – Top Down & Bottom up Approach
FIG. 3 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market Segmentation
FIG. 4 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2021 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 5 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2021 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 6 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Geography, 2021(US$ Bn)
FIG. 7 Attractive Investment Proposition, by Types, 2021
FIG. 8 Attractive Investment Proposition, by Application, 2021
FIG. 9 Attractive Investment Proposition, by Geography, 2021
FIG. 10 Global Market Share Analysis of Key Flocculant Dosing System Market Manufacturers, 2021
FIG. 11 Global Market Positioning of Key Flocculant Dosing System Market Manufacturers, 2021
FIG. 12 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market Value Contribution, By Types, 2021 & 2028 (Value %)
FIG. 13 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Manual Dosing System, Value, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 14 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Automatic Dosing System, Value, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 15 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market Value Contribution, By Application, 2021 & 2028 (Value %)
FIG. 16 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Water Treatment, Value, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 17 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Paper, Value, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 18 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Oil and Gas, Value, 2016-2028 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 19 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Minerals Extraction, Value, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 20 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Others, Value, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 21 U.S. Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 22 Canada Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 23 Germany Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 24 FranceFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 25 U.K. Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 26 ItalyFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 27 Spain Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 28 Rest of Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 29 China Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 30 Japan Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 31 IndiaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 32 South KoreaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 33 Southeast AsiaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 34 Rest of Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 35 Latin AmericaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 36 Brazil Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 37 Mexico Flocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 38 Rest of Latin AmericaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 39 Middle East & AfricaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 40 GCC CountriesFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 41 South AfricaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
FIG. 42 Rest of Middle East and AfricaFlocculant Dosing System Market, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
List of Tables
TABLE 1 Market Snapshot: Global Flocculant Dosing System Market
TABLE 2 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Competitive Benchmarking, 2021
TABLE 3 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Geographical Presence Analysis, 2021
TABLE 4 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Key Strategies Analysis, 2021
TABLE 5 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 6 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 7 Global Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Geography, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 8 North America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 9 North America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 10 North America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 11 US Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 12 US Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 13 Canada Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 14 Canada Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 15 Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 16 Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 17 Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 18 Germany Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 19 Germany Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 20 France Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 21 France Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 22 UK Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 23 UK Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 24 Italy Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 25 Italy Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 26 Spain Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 27 Spain Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 28 Rest of Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 29 Rest of Europe Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 30 Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 31 Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 32 Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 33 China Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 34 China Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 35 Japan Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 36 Japan Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 37 India Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 38 India Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 39 South Korea Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 40 South Korea Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 41 South East Asia Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 42 South East Asia Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 43 Rest of Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 44 Rest of Asia Pacific Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 45 Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 46 Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 47 Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 48 Brazil Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 49 Brazil Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 50 Mexico Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 51 Mexico Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 52 Rest of Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 53 Rest of Latin America Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 54 Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 55 Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 56 Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Country, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 57 GCC Countries Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 58 GCC Countries Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 59 South Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 60 South Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 61 Rest of Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Types, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)
TABLE 62 Rest of Middle East and Africa Flocculant Dosing System Market, by Application, 2016-2028(US$ Bn)