Video Wall Market

Increasing Utilization in Government and Education Sector Increased the Demand for Video Wall Market

Globally, the video wall market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 19.8% during the forecast period from 2019 to 2027 and was accounted to have a market of US$ 4.20 billion in 2017. A video wall is defined as a sum of the various displays of the video screen, which might be LEDs or LCDs, to form a single logical screen. These screens are used in various industries for advertising, event management, and others for displaying their content.

Some major industries that use these screens are government, education, transportation, entertainment, and others. Increasing disposable income among individuals and users and changing lifestyles is a major factors driving the market. Additionally, the rising requirement for engaging individuals by displaying advertisements, videos, information, and other data by restaurants and hotels is also driving the market globally.

Market Synopsis

Video Wall with LED Video Wall Display Modules in its Module Segment Continue Dominating the Market

In 2018, the overall video wall market was lead by the LED video wall display modules segmenting its module to a high percentage of the market share of the total revenue generated globally in 2018 and is expected to grow with a CAGR of more than 20.1% during the forecast period. There is increasing demand for LED screens by users due to advancements in technology and their ability to consume less power as compared to LCDs. Additionally, the LED displays offer high brightness and provide illumination along with the visual display. Similarly, the increasing demand from advertisers due to low cost is also driving the segment.

North America Dominates the Market by Region

The global video wall market was led by North America, with a market share of more than 30.0% in 2018. This is due to the increasing disposable income of the individuals in the country and rising advancements in technology. Moreover, various companies, industries, advertising companies, hotels, theme parks, and others are using video walls to attract customers. Similarly, various companies such as Prysm, Inc., and others also provide video walls with laser phosphor display technology which tends to attract various customers in the region.

Some prominent players operating in the video wall are Navori SA, LG Display Co. Ltd., NEC Display Solutions, Toshiba Corporation, Adflow Networks, Omnivex Corporation, AU Optronics Corp., Panasonic Corporation, Koninklijke Philips N.V., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., and Sony Corporation.

Historical & Forecast Period

This research report presents the analysis of each segment from 2017 to 2027, considering 2018 as the base year for the research. In addition, compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for each respective segment was calculated for the forecast period from 2019 to 2027.

Report Scope by Segments

The video wall market report provides market size and estimates based on market dynamics and key trends observed in the industry. In addition, the report provides a holistic view of the global Video Wall market based on module, technology, application, vertical, and geography.

Chapter 1 Preface
1.1 Report Description
1.1.1 Purpose of the Report
1.1.2 Target Audience
1.1.3 USP and Key Offerings
1.2 Research Scope
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Research Methodology
1.4.1 Phase I – Secondary Research
1.4.2 Phase II – Primary Research
1.4.3 Phase III – Expert Panel Review
1.4.4 Assumptions
1.4.5 Approach Adopted

Chapter 2 Executive Summary
2.1 Market Snapshot: Global VW Market
2.2 Global VW Market, By Module, 2018 (US$ Bn)
2.3 Global VW Market, By Technology, 2018 (US$ Bn)
2.4 Global VW Market, By Vertical, 2018 (US$ Bn)
2.5 Global VW Market, By Application, 2018 (US$ Bn)
2.6 Global VW Market, By Geography, 2018 (US$ Bn)

Chapter 3 Market Dynamics
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Global VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
3.2 Market Drivers
3.3 Market Growth Inhibitors
3.3.1 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
3.4 Key Market Trends
3.5 Attractive Investment Proposition, by Geography, 2018
3.6 Competitive Analysis
3.6.1 Market Positioning of Key VW Vendors, 2018
3.6.2 Key Strategies Adopted by the Leading Players

Chapter 4 Global Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, by Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
4.1 Overview
4.2 LED VW Display Modules
4.3 LCD VW Display Modules
4.4 Others

Chapter 5 Global Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, by Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
5.1 Overview
5.2 Indoor Advertisement
5.3 Outdoor Advertisement
5.4 Menu Board Advertisement
5.5 Billboard Advertisement

Chapter 6 Global Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, by Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
6.1 Overview
6.2 Panel Based VW
6.3 Cube Based VW
6.4 Projection Based Seamless Displays

Chapter 7 Global Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, by Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
7.1 Overview
7.2 Retail
7.3 Retail Banking
7.4 Quick Service Restaurants
7.5 Media & Entertainment
7.6 Corporate
7.7 Government
7.8 Healthcare
7.9 Transportation
7.10 Education
7.11 Others

Chapter 8 North America Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.1 Overview
8.2 North America VW Market Analysis, By Module, 2017 – 2027
8.2.1 Market Analysis
8.3 North America VW Market Analysis, By Technology, 2017 – 2027
8.3.1 Market Analysis
8.4 North America VW Market Analysis, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027
8.4.1 Market Analysis
8.5 North America VW Market Analysis, By Application, 2017 – 2027
8.5.1 Market Analysis
8.6 North America VW Market Analysis, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027
8.6.1 U.S.
8.6.1.1 U.S. VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.1.2 U.S. VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.1.3 U.S. VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.1.4 U.S. VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.2 Rest of North America
8.6.2.1 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.2.2 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.2.3 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
8.6.2.4 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)

Chapter 9 Europe Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.1 Overview
9.2 Europe VW Market Analysis, By Module, 2017 – 2027
9.2.1 Market Analysis
9.3 Europe VW Market Analysis, By Technology, 2017 – 2027
9.3.1 Market Analysis
9.4 Europe VW Market Analysis, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027
9.4.1 Market Analysis
9.5 Europe VW Market Analysis, By Application, 2017 – 2027
9.5.1 Market Analysis
9.6 Europe VW Market Analysis, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027
9.6.1 U.K.
9.6.1.1 U.K. VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.1.2 U.K.VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.1.3 U.K.VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.1.4 U.K.VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.2 Germany
9.6.2.1 Germany VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.2.2 Germany VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.2.3 Germany VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.2.4 Germany VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.3 France
9.6.3.1 France VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.3.2 France VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.3.3 France VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.3.4 France VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.4 Rest of Europe
9.6.4.1 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.4.2 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.4.3 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
9.6.4.4 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)

Chapter 10 Asia Pacific Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.1 Overview
10.2 Asia Pacific VW Market Analysis, By Module, 2017 – 2027
10.2.1 Market Analysis
10.3 Asia Pacific VW Market Analysis, By Technology, 2017 – 2027
10.3.1 Market Analysis
10.4 Asia Pacific VW Market Analysis, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027
10.4.1 Market Analysis
10.5 Asia Pacific VW Market Analysis, By Application, 2017 – 2027
10.5.1 Market Analysis
10.6 Asia Pacific VW Market Analysis, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027
10.6.1 China
10.6.1.1 China VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.1.2 China VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.1.3 China VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.1.4 China VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.2 Japan
10.6.2.1 Japan VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.2.2 Japan VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.2.3 JapanVW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.2.4 Japan VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.3 India
10.6.3.1 India VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.3.2 India VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.3.3 India VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.3.4 India VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.4 Rest of Asia Pacific
10.6.4.1 Rest of Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.4.2 Rest of Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.4.3 Rest of Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
10.6.4.4 Rest of Asia-Pacific VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)

Chapter 11 Rest of the World (RoW) Video Wall (VW) Market Analysis, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.1 Overview
11.2 RoW VW Market Analysis, By Module, 2017 – 2027
11.2.1 Market Analysis
11.3 RoW VW Market Analysis, By Technology, 2017 – 2027
11.3.1 Market Analysis
11.4 RoW VW Market Analysis, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027
11.4.1 Market Analysis
11.5 RoW VW Market Analysis, By Application, 2017 – 2027
11.5.1 Market Analysis
11.6 RoW VW Market Analysis, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027
11.6.1 Middle East & Africa (MEA)
11.6.1.1 MEA VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.1.2 MEA VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.1.3 MEA VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.1.4 MEA VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.2 Latin America
11.6.2.1 Latin America VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.2.2 Latin America VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.2.3 Latin America VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
11.6.2.4 Latin America VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)

Chapter 12 Company Profiles
12.1 Adflow Networks
12.2 AU Optronics Corp.
12.3 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
12.4 LG Display Co. Ltd.
12.5 Navori SA
12.6 NEC Display Solutions
12.7 Omnivex Corporation
12.8 Panasonic Corporation
12.9 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
12.10 Sony Corporation
12.11 Toshiba Corporation

List of Figures

FIG. 1 Global Video Wall (VW): Market Segmentation
FIG. 2 Global VW Market: Research Methodology
FIG. 3 Top-Down and Bottom Up Approach
FIG. 4 Global VW Market, By Module, 2018 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 5 Global VW Market, By Technology, 2018 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 6 Global VW Market, By Vertical, 2018 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 7 Global VW Market, By Application, 2018 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 8 Global VW Market, By Geography, 2018 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 9 Global VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 10 Attractive Investment Proposition, by Geography, 2018
FIG. 11 Market Positioning of Key VWVendors, 2018
FIG. 12 Global VW Market Value Contribution, By Module, 2018 & 2027 (%)
FIG. 13 Global LED VW Display Modules VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 14 Global LCD VW Display Modules VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 15 Global Others VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 16 Global VW Market Value Contribution, By Application, 2018 & 2027 (%)
FIG. 17 Global Indoor Advertisement VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 18 Global Outdoor Advertisement, VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 19 Global Menu Board Advertisement, VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 20 Global Billboard Advertisement, VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 21 Global VW Market Value Contribution, By Technology, 2018 & 2027 (%)
FIG. 22 Global Panel Based VW, VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 23 Global Cube Based VW VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 24 Global Projection Based Seamless Displays VW VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 25 Global VW Market Value Contribution, By Vertical, 2018 & 2027 (%)
FIG. 26 Global VW Market Value from Retail , 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
FIG. 27 Global VW Market Value from Retail Banking, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
FIG. 28 Global VW Market Value from Quick Service Restaurants, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 29 Global VW Market Value from Media & Entertainment, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 30 Global VW Market Value from Corporate , 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 31 Global VW Market Value from Government, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 32 Global VW Market Value from Healthcare, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 33 Global VW Market Value from Transportation, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 34 Global VW Market Value from Education, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 35 Global VW Market Value from Others, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
FIG. 36 North America VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 37 Europe VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 38 Asia Pacific VW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)
FIG. 39 RoWVW Market Value, 2017 – 2027, (US$ Bn)

List of Tables

TABLE 1 Market Snapshot: Global Video Wall (VW) Market
TABLE 2 Impact Indicators
TABLE 3 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints
TABLE 4 North America VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 5 North America VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 6 North America VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 7 North America VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 8 North America VW Market Value, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 9 U.S. VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 10 U.S. VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 11 U.S. VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 12 U.S. VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 13 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 14 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 15 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 16 Rest of North America VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 17 Europe VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 18 Europe VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 19 Europe VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 20 Europe VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 21 Europe VW Market Value, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 22 U.K. VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 23 U.K. VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 24 U.K. VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 25 U.K. VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 26 Germany VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 27 Germany VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 28 Germany VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 29 Germany VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 30 France VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 31 France VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 32 France VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 33 France VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 34 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 35 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 36 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 37 Rest of Europe VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 38 Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 39 Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 40 Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 41 Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 42 Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 43 China VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 44 China VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 45 China VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 46 China VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 47 Japan VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 48 Japan VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 49 Japan VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 50 Japan VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 51 India VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 52 India VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 53 India VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 54 India VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 55 Rest of Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 56 Rest of Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 57 Rest of Asia Pacific VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 58 Rest of Asia-Pacific VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 59 RoW VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 60 RoW VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 61 RoW VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 62 RoW VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027(US$ Bn)
TABLE 63 RoW VW Market Value, By Region/Country, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 64 MEA VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 65 MEA VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 66 MEA VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 67 MEA VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 68 Latin America VW Market Value, By Module, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 69 Latin America VW Market Value, By Technology, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 70 Latin America VW Market Value, By Vertical, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 71 Latin America VW Market Value, By Application, 2017 – 2027 (US$ Bn)
TABLE 72 Adflow Networks: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 73 AU Optronics Corp.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 74 Koninklijke Philips N.V.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 75 LG Display Co. Ltd.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 76 Navori SA: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 77 NEC Display Solutions: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 78 Omnivex Corporation: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 79 Panasonic Corporation: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 80 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 81 Sony Corporation: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)
TABLE 82 Toshiba Corporation: Company Snapshot (Company Details, Geographical Presence, Product Portfolio,Recent Developments)